Reference:
§         Nouns refer semantically to those aspects of our experience which we perceive as things or entities
§         Entities                    
o       persons
o       animals
o       things (concrete entities)
o       places
o       institutions
o       emotions (anger, excitement)
o       periods of time
o       materials
o       actions (reading, laughter)
o       qualities (beauty, speed)
o       contents of perception
o       phenomena (thunder, success, noise, traffic)
o       relationships (friendship, obedience)
o       abstractions (thought, experience)
o       collectives (throngs)
o       instruments (drains)
§         Differences between nouns are referred as classes
Boy differs from horse and both differs from stable
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