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History of Britain

Early Britain
By 700 BC came the first tribes of Celctic speaking people. But they were exterminated by Romas about AD 43. In the beginning of 5th century, the Barbarian´s attacks of Roman epmire caused theire leaving England.
Early middle ages
It the 5th centrury came the first Aglo-Saxons tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes). They started to populate inland of Britain and Heptarchy was estabilished. Vikings came in 8th century and they got a part of land called Danelaw. In 1066 William of Normandy was crowned as a British king after he had defeated Harlod at Hastings.
When John the Lackland became king, he was very unpopular among the nobles and church. They united against him and forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede. King promised all freemen protection from his officers.
Hundred years war
In 1337 Edward III declared war on France because he wanted the French crown. At the beginning England was more successful and got some teritories in Britain thanks to Treathy of Brétigny. But in the end of the war, in 1453, England lost everything.
The War of Roses
After the war the nobles divided themself on those who supported Lancastrians (red rose) and on those who supported Yorkists (white rose). The duke of York got the throne but he died. There was agian a battle of throne in which Edward IV won.
Tudors
After Henry VII´s death there was a male heir but too young to reign. So Mary I became queen. And after she died her sister Elizabeth I was crowned. Noone expected her to be successful ruler, but she was.
In 1534 Henry VIII made himself Supreme head of the Church after he had quarreled with Pope over his divorce. His new Church was called Protestant. But Mary I wanted people to be Catholic again and she persecuted Protestans so she was called the Bloody Mary. Her sister Elizabeth brought the middle way.
Stuarts
In 1603 James I became the first Stuart on English throne. His successor Charles I had some problems with parliament over money and religion. He tried to reign alone. This led to the Civil War from 1642 to 1646, where Caveliers fought for king against Roundheads (for parliament). Roundheads finaly won and Charles was executed. For next 11 years Britain was republic called Commonwealth. At that time Oliver Cromwell ruled Britain as Lord Protector. When he died James II came to reign. This is called the Restoration of the king. Finaly James had to escaped and parliament asked William and Mary to reign together as constitutional monarchs.
Industrial revolution
In 18th century many of workers, known as Luddites, were replaced by machines so they started to rebel. They wanted better work conditions and wages.
Victorian Britain
Queen Victoria ruled Britain for over 50 years. There were several reforms during her reign, which were demanded in People´s Charter, like elections for men over 21 years, women could keep some property, working hours were cut down and children stopped working in factories and mines.
20th century
In 1914 the WW I started between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. The United States entered the war in 1917 when they declared war on Germany. In the end of war, Germany agreed to an armistice in 1918.
After the war the south part of Irelad became Irish Free State.
WW II started by Hitler´s ividing Polland in 1939, so Britain declared war on him. During the winter in 1940 London was bombed, this is called the Blitz. After the WW II England became more social – Welfare State.
In 1973 entered Britain the European Economic Community.
By 1991 Britain took part in war in Persian Gulf.

History of Britain

Early Britain
By 700 BC came the first tribes of Celctic speaking people. But they were exterminated by Romas about AD 43. In the beginning of 5th century, the Barbarian´s attacks of Roman epmire caused theire leaving England.
Early middle ages
It the 5th centrury came the first Aglo-Saxons tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes). They started to populate inland of Britain and Heptarchy was estabilished. Vikings came in 8th century and they got a part of land called Danelaw. In 1066 William of Normandy was crowned as a British king after he had defeated Harlod at Hastings.
When John the Lackland became king, he was very unpopular among the nobles and church. They united against him and forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede. King promised all freemen protection from his officers.
Hundred years war
In 1337 Edward III declared war on France because he wanted the French crown. At the beginning England was more successful and got some teritories in Britain thanks to Treathy of Brétigny. But in the end of the war, in 1453, England lost everything.
The War of Roses
After the war the nobles divided themself on those who supported Lancastrians (red rose) and on those who supported Yorkists (white rose). The duke of York got the throne but he died. There was agian a battle of throne in which Edward IV won.
Tudors
After Henry VII´s death there was a male heir but too young to reign. So Mary I became queen. And after she died her sister Elizabeth I was crowned. Noone expected her to be successful ruler, but she was.
In 1534 Henry VIII made himself Supreme head of the Church after he had quarreled with Pope over his divorce. His new Church was called Protestant. But Mary I wanted people to be Catholic again and she persecuted Protestans so she was called the Bloody Mary. Her sister Elizabeth brought the middle way.
Stuarts
In 1603 James I became the first Stuart on English throne. His successor Charles I had some problems with parliament over money and religion. He tried to reign alone. This led to the Civil War from 1642 to 1646, where Caveliers fought for king against Roundheads (for parliament). Roundheads finaly won and Charles was executed. For next 11 years Britain was republic called Commonwealth. At that time Oliver Cromwell ruled Britain as Lord Protector. When he died James II came to reign. This is called the Restoration of the king. Finaly James had to escaped and parliament asked William and Mary to reign together as constitutional monarchs.
Industrial revolution
In 18th century many of workers, known as Luddites, were replaced by machines so they started to rebel. They wanted better work conditions and wages.
Victorian Britain
Queen Victoria ruled Britain for over 50 years. There were several reforms during her reign, which were demanded in People´s Charter, like elections for men over 21 years, women could keep some property, working hours were cut down and children stopped working in factories and mines.
20th century
In 1914 the WW I started between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. The United States entered the war in 1917 when they declared war on Germany. In the end of war, Germany agreed to an armistice in 1918.
After the war the south part of Irelad became Irish Free State.
WW II started by Hitler´s ividing Polland in 1939, so Britain declared war on him. During the winter in 1940 London was bombed, this is called the Blitz. After the WW II England became more social – Welfare State.
In 1973 entered Britain the European Economic Community.
By 1991 Britain took part in war in Persian Gulf.

Hobbies and Leisure Time

There are many types of hobbies. Some of them are rather expensive. For example some Hollywood actors like collecting cars, which is a very expensive hobby. Some of the hobbies are dangerous (rock climbing, bungee jumping or paragliding). Some are romantic and some very time/consuming. It also depends on do you mean by the world hobby. Somebody admires his work and says that it is his greatest hobby. But in general we can say that hobby is some activity, which we do for our pleasure and we like doing it. When we are bad tempered it cans change our temper positively.

At the beginning I have to say, that I haven’t got many hobbies or one great hobby, because for hobby you need time. I spent a lot of time learning and learning to school. Some times I can even say that it is my hobby, especially, when I learn Maths. I like it. I like solving difficult mathematical problems and it is almost same with Physics. I really like it. But this isn’t a real hobby, I think.

When I was younger, I spent a lot of my time with a scout group. First I was only one of ordinary members, but when I grew up I became a leader of one of Girl Scout group. It was a really nice time. I was going to camps with them, we were making trips and playing games. But some years ago I had to leave them, because of my school duties. To be true I also lost the enthusiasm for doing this.

I also had another great hobby. I liked playing viola. Fist I hated it, but as time passed I started to love it. When I had an accident. My right shoulder had to be operated and I was forced to stop playing viola. Today when I listen to the classic music, my eyes watered. I am sad, because I can’t play. Maybe that’s why I love visiting theatres. I like visiting classical plays from Shakespeare, Molliere or some others. I like seeing operas from Giuseppe Verdi or Czech authors as Bedřich Smetana or Leoš Janáček. But nowadays I visit musicals and modern plays. I go every two months to Prague to see them. Some of them I saw two times. This year I saw four musicals, two operas and three plays. I can say, that I am a collector of theatre tickets. If I had enough money, I would go to some theatre to London and see Shakespeare’s renowned Romeo and Juliet in original.

To be true, since I started to attend this school, I didn’t only loose hobbies. I also gain one. It is our school magazine. I was an editor from very early beginning. I remember, when we had our first appointment and we were arguing about its name. After four years I became an editor in chief and now I am technical editor. It is a very difficult work but I love it. I spend a lot of time sitting in front of the monitor screen with my fingers on the keyboard and writing and making pages. I can say, that computer is my biggest hobby. It is also very useful today. I train my English, because many programmes are in English. If you want to operate computer, it is necessary for you to know English. You also have to learn some term. I am not only sitting in front of the computer, I also open it and repair it (when it is possible). I read special magazines about new software and hardware and I also can make some simple programmes on my own.
I have to admit that my hobbies are boy’s hobbies, but why can’t a girl have this kind of hobbies? It isn’t prohibited. Maybe people just can’t understand me. This is also a reason, why my friends are mostly boys. I can’t discuss a mathematical or computer problem with a girl. I never see any other girl, who is interested in computers or maths. When I was on a computer tent camp, I was only one girl there and the boys were from the whole republic!
To be true I also have a one big hobby, which is typical for girls. This hobby is my boyfriend and beside a school he occupy the most of my time.


Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Leisure and Hobbies
Leisure, hobbies
Články na hledaný výraz "My Hobbies" naleznete na bezuceni.cz

Hobbies and Leisure Time

There are many types of hobbies. Some of them are rather expensive. For example some Hollywood actors like collecting cars, which is a very expensive hobby. Some of the hobbies are dangerous (rock climbing, bungee jumping or paragliding). Some are romantic and some very time/consuming. It also depends on do you mean by the world hobby. Somebody admires his work and says that it is his greatest hobby. But in general we can say that hobby is some activity, which we do for our pleasure and we like doing it. When we are bad tempered it cans change our temper positively.

At the beginning I have to say, that I haven’t got many hobbies or one great hobby, because for hobby you need time. I spent a lot of time learning and learning to school. Some times I can even say that it is my hobby, especially, when I learn Maths. I like it. I like solving difficult mathematical problems and it is almost same with Physics. I really like it. But this isn’t a real hobby, I think.

When I was younger, I spent a lot of my time with a scout group. First I was only one of ordinary members, but when I grew up I became a leader of one of Girl Scout group. It was a really nice time. I was going to camps with them, we were making trips and playing games. But some years ago I had to leave them, because of my school duties. To be true I also lost the enthusiasm for doing this.

I also had another great hobby. I liked playing viola. Fist I hated it, but as time passed I started to love it. When I had an accident. My right shoulder had to be operated and I was forced to stop playing viola. Today when I listen to the classic music, my eyes watered. I am sad, because I can’t play. Maybe that’s why I love visiting theatres. I like visiting classical plays from Shakespeare, Molliere or some others. I like seeing operas from Giuseppe Verdi or Czech authors as Bedřich Smetana or Leoš Janáček. But nowadays I visit musicals and modern plays. I go every two months to Prague to see them. Some of them I saw two times. This year I saw four musicals, two operas and three plays. I can say, that I am a collector of theatre tickets. If I had enough money, I would go to some theatre to London and see Shakespeare’s renowned Romeo and Juliet in original.

To be true, since I started to attend this school, I didn’t only loose hobbies. I also gain one. It is our school magazine. I was an editor from very early beginning. I remember, when we had our first appointment and we were arguing about its name. After four years I became an editor in chief and now I am technical editor. It is a very difficult work but I love it. I spend a lot of time sitting in front of the monitor screen with my fingers on the keyboard and writing and making pages. I can say, that computer is my biggest hobby. It is also very useful today. I train my English, because many programmes are in English. If you want to operate computer, it is necessary for you to know English. You also have to learn some term. I am not only sitting in front of the computer, I also open it and repair it (when it is possible). I read special magazines about new software and hardware and I also can make some simple programmes on my own.
I have to admit that my hobbies are boy’s hobbies, but why can’t a girl have this kind of hobbies? It isn’t prohibited. Maybe people just can’t understand me. This is also a reason, why my friends are mostly boys. I can’t discuss a mathematical or computer problem with a girl. I never see any other girl, who is interested in computers or maths. When I was on a computer tent camp, I was only one girl there and the boys were from the whole republic!
To be true I also have a one big hobby, which is typical for girls. This hobby is my boyfriend and beside a school he occupy the most of my time.


Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Leisure and Hobbies
Leisure, hobbies
Články na hledaný výraz "My Hobbies" naleznete na bezuceni.cz