Canada is a federal dominion of ten provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan) and three territories (Northwest territories, Yukon, New territory) within the British Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II. is, as Queen of Canada, the head of the Canadian state. Her representative in Canada is the Governor-General. The ten provinces of Canada are united under a Federal Government, which controls matters concerning the country as a whole. Each province has a provincial government with a Lieutenant Governor at its head. The Yukon and Northwest Territories are governed by commissioners appointed by the federal Government. The Canadian Parliament consists of the Queen, the Senate (with 104 members=Senators are appointed by governor general. The prime minister-on the advice. And he is head of parliament (government)) and the House of Commons (with 282 elected members). National elections are held at least once every 5 years or whenever the majority party is voted down or calls an election. The leader of the political party with the largest number of seats in the House of Commons usually serves as prime minister.
Provincial legislative power, which extends to education, municipal affairs, direct taxation, and civil law, is vested in unicameral, elected legislatures known as legislative assemblies except in Newfoundland, where it is the House of Assembly, and Quebec, where it is the National Assembly.
The principal political parties are the Liberal party, Progressive Conservatives, the New Democratic party, the Social Credit party.
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